[1] Robert Hayden: Collected Poems, ed. Frederick Glaysher, introduction by Arnold Rampersad, Liveright, 1985

[2] Collected, p. xxi

[3] Collected, p. xvii

[4] Achebe, "The Writer and His Community," Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays, Anchor, 1990, p.

[5] Collected, p. 3

[6] Collected, p. 4

[7] Nielsen, Reading Race: White American Poets and the Racial Discourse in the Twentieth Century, U of Georgia, Press 1988, p. 3

[8] Nielsen, p. 14

[9] Nielsen, p. 119

[10] Nielsen, p. 84

[11] Collected, p. 3

[12] "The Poet and His Art: A Conversation," Collected Prose, Robert Hayden, edited by Frederick Glaysher, U of Michigan Press 1984, p. 161

[13] Collected, p. 5

[14] Collected, p. 15

[15] Collected, p. 14

[16] Collected, p. 16

[17] Collected, p. 16

[18] Collected, p. 16

[19] Nielsen, p. 44

[20] Collected, p. 17

[21] Collected, p. 3

[22] Collected, p. 19

[23] "Cante Moro," Paracritical Hinge, Nathaniel Mackey, U of Wisconsin Press, 2005, p.

[24] Collected, p. 27

[25] Collected, p28

[26] Collected, p. 16

[27] Collected, p. xxviii

[28] Collected, p. 4

[29] Le Sueur, "The Fetish of Being Outside," Harvest Song, West End Press, 1990, p. 200

[30] Collected, p. 32

[31] Collected, p. 32

[32] Collected, p. 32

[33] Collected, p. 62

[34] Collected, p. 28

[35] Mackey, p.

[36] Collected, p. 62

[37] Collected, p. 101

[38] "Robert Hayden and Michael Harper: A Literary Friendship," Robert Hayden and Michael Harper, Callaloo , Vol. 17, No. 4 (Autumn 1994), p. 989

[39] Hayden & Harper, p. 985

[40] Hayden & Harper, p. 990